The Good Dinosaur

The Good Dinosaur is Pixar's sixteenth feature film. It was released on November 25, 2015 in the US, and November 27, 2015 in the UK. It is directed by Peter Sohn. The score is composed by Mychael Danna and Jeff Danna. Bob Peterson was originally going to be the director, but on August 30, 2013, it was announced that he left the project due to story problems. The Pixar short Sanjay's Super Team is attached to the film.

Synopsis
Disney/Pixar's The Good Dinosaur shows us an alternate universe where Dinosaurs never became extinct and focuses on a young dinosaur named Arlo. One day when Arlo gets lost in the wilderness, he teams up with a small human boy named Spot on an incredible adventure to get home, during which Arlo bonds with Spot and learn a lot about himself.

Plot
In an alternate timeline set 65 million years after the asteroid that would have caused the extinction of dinosaurs passes safely over Earth, two Apatosaurus farmers named Henry and Ida, give birth to three children: Libby, Buck, and the runt Arlo. While Libby and Buck easily adjust to life and their responsibilities on their farm (signified by a mud-print on a corn silo), Arlo's nervous nature makes his tasks difficult for him. In order to give Arlo a sense of purpose, Henry puts him in charge of guarding their silo from pests and helping him set up traps. One day, a trap manages to capture a female caveboy, but Arlo is too reluctant to kill him and lets him free. Heavily disappointed, Henry forces Arlo to accompany him to track the caveboy through a ravine where it begins to rain. After Arlo injures himself, Henry decides to turn back just as a flash flood occurs and a massive rapid appears. Henry only manages to save Arlo before he is swept away and killed.

Without his father, Arlo must help his mother with harvesting crops before the first snow. After spotting the caveboy inside the silo, Arlo chases him in a fit of rage, the both of them falling into a river where Arlo hits his head on a boulder and is knocked unconscious. Waking up, Arlo is dismayed to find himself far from home and tries to survive on his own with minimal success. The caveboy finds Arlo and eventually gives him some berries to eat, and leads him to a berry tree where they are both attacked by a snake. The caveboy fights and repels the snake which amazes Arlo. A nearby Styracosaurus named Forrest Woodbush, also impressed with the caveboy's physical prowess, tries to give him a name, but it is revealed that his name is "Spot" when Arlo calls out that name which he responds to. After traveling together for the rest of the day, Arlo laments about his lost family and confides in Spot who reveals that his own mother and father are dead. The next day, a storm ravages the land and Arlo, remembering the storm that took his father's life, runs for safety on his own.

The next morning, Arlo wakes up to find Spot only to be encountered by a fanatical band of pterodactyls consisting of a Nyctosaurus named Thunderclap and his accomplices Downpour and Coldfront. The pterodactyls turn out to be savagely carnivorous. After they find Spot, Arlo and Spot run away, encountering a pair of Tyrannosaurus named Nash and Ramsey who both ward the pterodactyls off. Arlo and Spot then meet Nash and Ramsey's father Butch, who agrees to let the two of them join their party if they can help them locate a herd of longhorns they had lost. Spot manages to sniff them out with Arlo discovering the presence of "Rustlers." On Butch's instruction, Arlo lures the Rustlers out, who are revealed to be a group of Velociraptors led by Bubbha looking to steal Butch's herd. Butch and his children try to fend off the Rustlers, and Arlo successfully hits two of them allowing Butch to scare them off for good. With the T-rexes now fully respecting Arlo, Butch helps lead them towards the area of their homeland. Along the way, Arlo and Spot encounter a human off in the distance, but ignore him and continue on.

As another storm begins to pick up, Thunderclap and the pterodactyls return and attack the two, this time managing to take Spot away and leaving Arlo behind. As Arlo gets tangled in some vines, he has a vision of Henry leading him away and back toward home, but Arlo admits his love for Spot and resolves to save him which makes his father proud before he fades away. Filled with determination, Arlo wakes up and attacks the pterodactyls who have cornered Spot at the river and the two of them manage to throw them into the water where they ride helplessly downstream. A flash flood begins and a massive mudslide crashes into the river and triggers a torrent. Arlo leaps to save Spot and the two of them are carried away towards a waterfall. Arlo manages to swim towards Spot and hold on to him as they both fall, with Arlo carrying Spot to shore where he regains consciousness.

As they venture back forth, Arlo and Spot both hear the calls of a caveman family just as they come over the hill overseeing Arlo's farm. With great reluctance, Arlo allows Spot to return with them and the two of them share a tearful, but loving goodbye. Arlo comes back home to his mother and siblings, and he is allowed to leave his mud-print on the silo between the prints of his mother and father.

Voice cast
At D23 Expo 2013, the following voice cast had been announced. It can be noted only Frances McDormand retained her role in the final film.
 * Raymond Ochoa as Arlo, a young Apatosaurus
 * Jack Bright as Spot, a little orphaned human boy
 * Sam Elliott as Butch, a Tyrannosaurus rex
 * A.J. Buckley as Nash, a T-Rex and Butch's son
 * Anna Paquin as Ramsey, a T-Rex and Butch's daughter
 * Steve Zahn as Thunderclap, a Nyctosaurus
 * Jeffrey Wright as Poppa Henry, Arlo's father
 * Frances McDormand as Momma Ida, Arlo's mother
 * Marcus Scribner as Buck, Arlo's brother
 * Maleah Padilla as Libby, Arlo's sister
 * Peter Sohn as Forrest Woodbush, a Styracosaurus
 * Mandy Freund as Downpour, a Caulkicephalus
 * Steven Clay Hunter as Coldfront, a Ludodactylus
 * Dave Boat as Bubbha, a Velociraptor
 * Carrie Paff as Lurleane, a member of Bubbha's pack
 * John Ratzenberger as Earl, a member of Bubbha's pack
 * Mackenzie Grant as Pervis, a member of Bubbha's pack
 * Alan Tudyk as Windgust, a Guidraco
 * TBA as Frostbite, a Ludodactylus
 * Lucas Neff as Arlo
 * John Lithgow as Poppa, Arlo's father
 * Frances McDormand as Momma, Arlo's mother
 * Bill Hader as Forrest, one of Arlo's brothers
 * Neil Patrick Harris as Cliff, one of Arlo's brothers
 * Judy Greer as Ivy, Arlo's sister

Development
When a promotional video for Up called Up: B-roll 1 was released in 2009, many fans noticed four stand-out images in the background of sculptor Greg Dykstra's office. The top image is a clay sculpture of a sauropod dinosaur with a person standing next to it. Below it are two more images of clay sculptures of a boy. The fourth image, not clearly visible, is a drawing of the same or another Sauropod. As Up was released in May of that year, development could have started as late as early 2009. The plot, director, co-director, producer, and other small details were announced at the D23 Expo on August 20, 2011. Bob Peterson and John Walker humorously titled the film The Untitled Pixar Movie About Dinosaurs and even created a logo for the mock title. Enrico Casarosa, director of La Luna, was head of story and Daniel Lopez Munoz production designer. On April 24, 2012, Pixar announced that it would be entitled The Good Dinosaur.At the 2013 D23 Expo, the cast was announced and some footage and concept art was screened.

Story before director change
Before the director change was announced, some additional details had already been given about the film's premise. According to the Los Angeles Times, Peter Sohn said: "The heart of the story remains the same. It's always been about this young dinosaur growing up. But the world itself has changed a lot. Nature has become a character." The Los Angeles Times also stated that nature had become the film's antagonist and also (incorrectly, as it turned out) that the idea from the original draft that dinosaurs are farmers has been dropped. Sohn's work aimed at simplifying and streamlining the story.

In June 2012, John Lasseter said: "They [the dinosaurs] are kind of cartoony but they are dinosaurs; they are not walking around with clothes on or anything like that, they still are kind of dinosaurs. We focused on mostly the plant-eaters, not the carnivores… Their society becomes more of an agrarian society, meaning farmers. They become farmers. It’s a very funny story about a certain way of life that a young dinosaur has trouble fitting into and he ends up going on this quest. He kind of messes up and he has to put everything right by going on this quest and on that quest he meets this our character that is an outcast from his society too and so the two of them form this bond and it becomes this unique kind of story…"

At D23 Expo 2013, the film's plot was described further. Dinosaurs would have been the dominant species and had become farmers, using their physical characteristics to function as farm equipment. The film followed a family of apatosaurus. One of them, named Arlo and who is fascinated with bugs, discovered a large beetle that is in fact a human child, called Spot. The two of them then went on a journey through various climates.

The Art of The Good Dinosaur and other sources indicate that in the earlier versions, Rather than being on their own, Arlo's family was part of a larger community composed of more apatosaurus, along with other species. Arlo was an older, and considerably larger dinosaur then how he ended up in the final film, and was an outcast from his community.

Director change
In August 2013, Blue Sky Disney reported that due to story problems, the director and producer had been removed from the film. According to the report, the studio was looking for a new director who would put the film back on track, while still attempting to release the film in 2014. Other sites also noted Peterson's absence at D23 Expo 2013, where Sohn and producer Denise Ream presented footage from the film. A few days later, Ed Catmull, Pixar's president, confirmed to Los Angeles Times, saying: "All directors get really deep in their film. Sometimes you just need a different perspective to get the idea out. Sometimes directors ... are so deeply embedded in their ideas it actually takes someone else to finish it up." Peterson, who is remaining at Pixar, moved on to another project he is developing, while Ream replaced Walker, who left to work on Tomorrowland. John Lasseter, Lee Unkrich, Mark Andrews and Sohn are working on various sections of the film.

By August 2014, John Lasseter, Lee Unkrich, Mark Andrews, and original project co-director Pete Sohn had reworked the project to the point they felt is was ready to go ahead. Voice actor John Lithgow said that he would be completely re-recording his whole part by September 2014. Lithgow said, "They have now dismantled it [the movie] and completely reimagined it, and it is a fantastic new story." Lithgow was replaced by Jeffrey Wright in the final film.

Bumped-off 2013 release date
The film's first release date of November 27, 2013, was announced in June 2011.

On December 22, 2011, Disney shared upcoming release dates for its films. A mysterious film titled Frozen rested on the date of November 27, 2013, which led many to believe that The Good Dinosaur, originally scheduled for release on that date, now had the title of Frozen. However, Peter Sciretta confirmed with Disney that Frozen was not a Pixar film.

Later, at CinemaCon 2012, Pixar announced that its film would be released on May 30, 2014.

On September 18, 2013, following the director change, it was announced that Pixar had pushed back the release date from May 30, 2014, to November 25, 2015 in order to 'give the film some more time'.

This, in turn, will bring Pixar's streak of consecutive annual releases to an end, a streak started with Cars in 2006 and ended with Monsters University in 2013.

Production
In May 2012, before the director change, the filmmakers discussed the film. They said they want to explore what dinosaurs represent today, and how they are represented in stereotypes. Bob Peterson said: "It's time to do a movie where you get to know the dinosaur, what it's really like to be a dinosaur and to be with a dinosaur". Peterson said the inspiration for the movie came from a childhood visit to the World's Fair where he was impressed by some dinosaur animatronics. The film's title might suggest that dinosaurs are evil. However, Peter Sohn warned: "The title is deceptively simple. It has more meaning than it seems."

Lasseter commented: "This is a boy and a dog story, but the roles are reversed. Arlo, the dinosaur, is the boy in the story and Spot is the dog." Lasseter also said that for this film Pixar aimed to make environments with a higher level of realism than anything they did before.

Before the director change, in March 2013, Thomas Newman stated he was set to write the film's score. At the 2015 Cannes Film Festival, it was announced he had been replaced by Mychael Danna.

Rating
The Good Dinosaur received a PG rating (for peril, action and thematic elements) by the MPAA and the BBFC. This is the fifth Pixar movie to be rated as such in the US after The Incredibles, Up, Brave and Inside Out, and the fourth in the UK after Toy Story, Cars and Brave. This is also the second film to be given a PG rating in both the US and UK after Brave.

Attached short film
The short film Sanjay's Super Team, directed by Sanjay Patel, is attached to The Good Dinosaur.

Cameos

 * Peter Sohn has indicated that the Pizza Planet Truck appears twice in the film. However, only one appearance is currently known:
 * The Pizza Planet Truck makes an appearance as an asteroid in the opening shot, floating in the top left part of the frame.
 * The likeness of Hank from the next feature Finding Dory can be seen at the bottom of the river when Arlo learns to swim.
 * A113 can be seen formed by pickets on the wooden fence surrounding the area of the "cluckers" on Arlo's family's farm.
 * The Luxo Ball appears floating around Arlo and Spot during their hallucination.
 * Also in the hallucination scene, the likeliness of Gus from Partly Cloudy appears as one of the background clouds.
 * There are several allusions to other non-Pixar movies:
 * The T-Rex scene resembles the scene from Jurassic Park.
 * The phrase: "The storm provides" is an allusion to The Big Lebowski, where one famous phrase is: "The dude abides."
 * The monster in the flashback resembles the shark in Partly Cloudy which the director of The Good Dinosaur, Peter Sohn directed.

Other trivia

 * It is the second Pixar film to be released on November 25th, after A Bug's Life.
 * Along with Inside Out, it marks the first time that Pixar had released two feature films in the same year.
 * According to the directors' commentary, the forces of nature are the main antagonist(s) in this movie.
 * This is the last Pixar film to use the short 2011 Disney logo as a closing logo.
 * This is the only Pixar non-sequel/prequel film not to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature.